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61.
Defending Gibrat’s Law as a long-run regularity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
According to Gibrat’s Law of Proportionate Effect, the growth rate of a given firm is independent of its size at the beginning
of the period examined. While earlier studies tended to confirm the Law, more recent research generally rejects it. This article
reconciles these two streams of literature, taking into account the role of market selection and learning in reshaping a given
population of firms through time. Consistently with previous studies, we find that Gibrat’s Law has to be rejected ex ante,
since smaller firms tend to grow faster than their larger counterparts. However, a significant convergence toward Gibrat-like
behavior can be detected ex post. This finding is an indication that market selection “cleans” the original population of
firms, so that the resulting industrial “core” does not depart from a Gibrat-like pattern of growth. From a theoretical point
of view, this result is consistent with those models based on passive and active learning, and can be seen as a defense of
the validity of the Law in the long-run.
相似文献
Marco VivarelliEmail: |
62.
论反倾销司法审查制度 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
反倾销司法审查制度是指法院通过对反倾销行政行为进行审查,发挥司法权力对行政权力的制约作用。国内法院的反倾销司法审查与WT0的争端解决机制是相互独立的关系。我国反倾销司法审查的范围应包括对不启动反倾销调查的行政决定。反倾销司法审查的标准包括事实问题和法律问题两个方面,体现了国内法院对行政权限一定程度的尊重。 相似文献
63.
Melvin F. Shakun 《Group Decision and Negotiation》1996,5(4-6):305-317
Evolutionary Systems Design (ESD) is a universal general problem solving, formal modeling, design framework for purposeful
complex adaptive systems (PCAS) and processes, i.e., task-oriented group processes. These processes constitute policy making,
group decision, negotiation, and multiagent problem solving with human and/or artificial agents. ESD is also a framework for
computer group support systems (GSS) that support these processes. The ESD general framework can be applied to define and
solve specific problems. In this article the ESD framework is presented and illustrated by example. The article provides background
for ESD computer implementations discussed in two other related articles (Lewis and Shakun 1996; Bui and Shakun 1996). 相似文献
64.
Despite the strategic importance of understanding competitive structure and the dynamics of competitive behavior, there has been almost no empirical study of how managers perform these analyses. We provide a conceptualization of how competitive analyses can be framed by decision makers and for researching how human biases in decision making and corporate culture impact on the nature and use of competitive analysis information.We are grateful for the comments of George Day, Peter Dickson, Pete Fader, Don Lehmann, Rajan Varadarajan, and David Wheaton on an earlier version of this paper. 相似文献
65.
Gary L. Frazier Bernard J. Jaworski Ajay K. Kohli Barton A. Weitz 《Marketing Letters》1994,5(3):259-270
This paper explores propositions dealing with the influence of buyer-supplier relational characteristics on their joint decision making. Specifically, the proposed conceptual framework focuses on the link between three relational constructs (trust, commitment, relationship maturity) and two types of joint decision making (strategic and tactical). Strategic decisions are those that “expand the pie” for both parties (integrative decisions), and tactical decisions are those that “divide the pie” between the two parties (distributive decisions). We propose that the effect of relational characteristics on joint decision making is likely to be moderated by the characteristics of the supplier organization (such as team orientation) and its environment (such as competitive intensity). We conclude with a brief discussion of the implications and possible extensions of the theoretical model. 相似文献
66.
Coveted or Overlooked? The Psychology of Bidding for Comparable Listings in Digital Auctions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article elaborates on, and provides evidence of the herd behavior bias -- the tendency to gravitate toward, and bid for, auction listings with one or more existing bids, ignoring comparable or even more attractive unbid-for listings available at the same time -- exhibited by buyers in digital auctions. Some listings attract many bidders and become coveted, the center of bidding attention, while other equivalent or even superior listings are overlooked, receiving no bids at all. Empirical analysis using data from digital auctions across different product categories shows that this herd behavior bias is attenuated with increasing bid price, but increases with the difficulty of evaluating quality. The practical implications of these findings, and promising research opportunities in this area are also discussed. 相似文献
67.
When group decisions involve the allocation of resources to group members, the members might have an incentive to strategically distort any information they provide in order to increase their share of resources. The paper compares several multi-criteria group decision methods with respect to this problem. We show, using a computational model, that strategic manipulation of preference information is possible in all of the methods considered, although to a different extent. Furthermore, when the solution a method generates under correct information is not Pareto-optimal, manipulation attempts might even improve the efficiency of outcomes. 相似文献
68.
The influence of stakeholders, organisational commitment, personal values, goals of the organisation and socio-demographic characteristics of individuals on the ethical dimension of behavioural intentions of employees in various organisations are investigated. The research results show that employees working for the public sector or in educational institutions take more ethical aspects into account than employees working in the "private" sector. The influence of stakeholders and organisational commitment do not significantly affect the ethical behaviour of employees, and only some personal values and goals of the organisation have a significant influence on ethical behaviour. The most significant explanatory factor of ethical decision making seems to be what may be called "stage in the career of the employee": "ethical" employees can be described as young, with a relatively low income, limited work experience and a low level of responsibility in the company. 相似文献
69.
70.
We develop a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms to address two sets of questions: (1) what are the characteristics of firms that choose the various modes of foreign market access (exporting, greenfield FDI, and cross-border M&A), and (2) how does the international organization of production vary across industries and country-pairs? We show that the answers to these questions depend on the nature of firm heterogeneity. Depending on whether firms differ in their mobile or immobile capabilities, cross-border mergers involve the most or the least efficient active firms. The comparative statics on industry and country characteristics display a similar dichotomy. 相似文献